History of Spain

1833 - 1868: Isabel II de España
Doña Isabel II was queen regnant of Spain from 1833 until 1868. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1868, and formally abdicated in 1870. Her son Alfonso XII became king in 1874.

1870 - 1873: Amadeo I of Spain
Amadeo I (Italian Amedeo, sometimes anglicized as Amadeus) (30 May 1845 – 18 January 1890) was the King of Spain from 1870-1873 and was known for most of his life as the Duke of Aosta. He was elected by the Cortes as Spain's monarch in 1870, following the deposition of Isabella II

1873 -1874: Primera República Española
The First Spanish Republic was the short-lived political regime that existed in Spain between the parliamentary proclamation on 11 February 1873 and 29 December 1874 when General Arsenio Martínez-Campos's pronunciamento marked the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain.

1874 - 1931: La Restauración (borbónica)
The Restoration, or Bourbon Restoration (Restauración borbónica), is the name given to the period that began on 29 December 1874 — after a coup d'état by Martínez-Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII, son of Isabel II de España, — and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.

1931 - 1939: La Segunda República
The Second Spanish Republic was the republican regime that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939, preceded by the Restoration and followed by Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.

1939 - 1975: Dictadura de Francisco Franco
Francoist Spain (also historically known as Nationalist Spain during the Spanish Civil War) refers to the period of Spanish history between 1939, when Francisco Franco took control of Spain from the government of the Second Spanish Republic after winning the Civil War, and 1978, when the Spanish Constitution of 1978 went into effect.

1975 - hoy en día: Transición española a la democracia
The Spanish transition to democracy, or simply the Transition (Spanish: La Transición) refers to the restoration of democracy in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975. The transition began shortly after Franco's death on 20 November 1975, while its completion has been variously said to be marked by the Spanish Constitution of 1978, the failure of an attempted coup on 23 February 1981, or the electoral victory of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) on 28 October 1982.